数字地球与海洋科学的发展   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

谢仕义 《海洋技术学报》2001,20(4):66-68

本文从数字地球的概念出发，根据海洋科学的发展要求，详细论述了数字地球与海洋科学的发展关键。并提出了海洋科学的新的发展战略和配套技术的开发研究理论，从而为我国海洋事业的发展和数字地球的建立有一个协调和统一的认识观点。  相似文献   

Stress and deformation of offshore piles under structural and wave loading   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

J. A. Eicher  H. Guan  D. S. Jeng   《Ocean Engineering》2003,30(3):369-385

Various offshore structures, especially large structures such as Tension Leg Platforms (TLP), are usually supported by concrete piles as the foundation elements. The stress distribution within such a large structure is a dominant factor in the design procedure of an offshore pile. To provide a more accurate and effective design for offshore foundation systems under axial and lateral wave loads, a finite element model is employed herein to determine the stresses and displacements in a concrete pile under similar loading conditions. A parametric study is also performed to examine the effects of the stress distribution due to the changing loading conditions.  相似文献   

南黄海中部沉积物微量元素的环境记录研究   总被引：9，自引：2，他引：9  

杜俊民  朱赖民  张远辉 《海洋学报》2004,26(6):49-57

通过对南黄海中部E2站位沉积柱样部分微量元素的特征研究,讨论了近200a来与南黄海中部沉积物相关的主要环境气候演变.铅和金、铂族元素显示人类现代工农业活动对环境的影响在南黄海中部沉积物有明显记录;过渡金属元素和不活泼元素的记录显示小冰期(泛指1550～1850年)的结束,气温的升高对南黄海中部沉积区的氧化-还原条件和黄河流域的风化程度产生了影响;黄河的改道对南黄海中部沉积物陆源碎屑的输入产生影响.  相似文献   

High resolution micromill sampling for analysis of fish otoliths by ICP-MS: effects of sampling and specimen preparation on trace element fingerprints     

Arslan Z  Secor DH 《Marine environmental research》2008,66(3):364-371

Otoliths are calcified structures in the head of fish that record environmental information about fish's life history. Gathering the elemental information from the core of an otolith corresponding to the juvenile period of fish's life is critical to discriminate the adult fish to their natal habitats reliably. A high resolution micromill has been used to isolate the otolith core from a whole otolith for elemental analysis. The effects of micromilling procedures (e.g., sectioning, embedding and drilling) on contamination to otolith trace element levels were examined using paired blackfin tuna (Thunnus atlanticus) otoliths. Otoliths were decontaminated by dilute hydrogen peroxide and nitric acid throughout to remove surface contamination. A preconcentration procedure was used to determine the trace elements from the small core material by ICP-MS. It was found that micromilling procedures introduce significant contamination to otoliths, especially for Al, Cu, Pb and Zn. The sectioning procedure caused significant contamination for Co and Cu, while the embedding procedure resulted in contamination for nearly all trace elements (Al, Cd, Co, Cu, Ga, Mn, Ni, Pb, V and Zn). The combined sectioning, embedding and drilling procedure also resulted in contamination for most trace elements. Despite the contamination across all procedural steps, the decontamination procedure effectively removed the surface contamination with the exception of Pb and Zn. Bias (e.g., residual contamination) on Pb was small in comparison to overall concentration of Pb expected to occur in fish otoliths, therefore, its effect may be minor in discriminating individuals. Bias on Zn was larger that could limit its application in discriminating individuals.  相似文献   

长江和黄河入海沉积物不同粒级组分中稀土元素的比较   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

乔淑卿  杨作升 《海洋地质与第四纪地质》2007,27(6):9-16

为探索区分黄、东海陆架沉积物中来自长江和黄河源的有效替代性指标,从长江和黄河河口区各取3个沉积物样品作为长江和黄河入海沉积物的端元样品。研究结果表明:长江和黄河沉积物不同粒级组分中REE的变化范围分别为145.49~256.77μg/g和121.22~135.56μg/g,随粒度由细变粗分别呈下倾的"双峰"型分布和倒"S"型分布;长江沉积物中REE约为黄河的1.5倍,最低值比黄河的最高值高出20%;8~16μm和2~4μm是凸显长江和黄河沉积物稀土元素差异的敏感粒级,REE、LREE/HREE和(La/Yb)n等稀土元素特征参数在这两个粒级组分中差异明显。本次实验结果大幅度地提高了两条河流REE差异的灵敏度和可信度,为建立区分长江与黄河入海沉积物物源实用的有效指标提供了可能。  相似文献   

从测绘学向地理空间信息学演变历程     

宁津生  王正涛 《测绘学报》2017,46(10):1213-1218

本文是对测绘学科从传统测绘到数字化测绘,再到测绘信息化即地理空间信息学3阶段发展历程的回顾。主要阐述了测绘学科伴随着国家需求和世界科技发展的进程在理念、理论、技术、方法和应用服务等方面的变化和发展,较详细地记述了如何由测绘学向地理空间信息学的演变;演变过程中测绘学的理念、学科分类和内涵有哪些变化;并且对数字化测绘、测绘信息化(地理空间信息学)等给出了基本概念和定义。  相似文献   

基于ArcEngine的带状图批量制图方法研究     

王海涛  苏志军  秦进春 《测绘与空间地理信息》2017,(8)

带状图具有折点位置难处理、生成算法复杂等特点,是城市地下管线信息系统建设的难点之一。本文基于ArcEngine组件对象模型,提出了一种通过计算带状图图幅顶点坐标的途径生成带状图的方法,对带状图顶点坐标计算方法及折线端点处理方法进行了重点研究,提出了基于ArcEngine索引图的带状图批量制图输出方法,并且最后通过实验验证了研究方法的可行性。  相似文献   

汉江上游黄土常量元素地球化学特征及区域对比   总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6  

毛沛妮  庞奖励  黄春长  查小春  周亚利  郭永强  胡慧  刘涛 《地理学报》2017,72(2):279-291

本文对汉江上游黄土的常量元素含量及相关地球化学参数CIA、Na/K、淋溶系数、退碱系数、残积系数等进行了系统分析。结果显示：① 汉江黄土的主要化学成分为SiO₂、Al₂O₃和Fe₂O₃,三者含量总和达767.3 g/kg;常量元素含量大小排序为SiO₂>Al₂O₃>Fe₂O₃>K₂O>MgO>Na₂O>CaO。风化成壤过程中Na、Ca、Mg、Si发生不同程度的迁移淋溶,而Fe、Al、K相对富集。② 其风化成壤强度呈现从马兰黄土L₁→过渡性黄土L_t→古土壤S₀逐渐升高、全新世黄土L₀又降低的规律,记录了该区域气候经历了末次冰期（55.0-15.0 ka BP）冷干、早全新世（15.0-8.5 ka BP）增温增湿、中全新世（8.5-3.1 ka BP）达到最暖湿,晚全新世（3.1-0.0 ka BP）降温变干的演变过程。③ 汉江黄土与洛川、巫山、下蜀黄土的元素组合特征高度一致,不同地区常量元素（CaO除外）含量十分接近且UCC标准化值变幅均小于0.25,这暗示了它们风化之初具有相似的风成沉积基础;但不同区域黄土的化学风化强度差异明显,大致呈现洛川黄土<汉江黄土<巫山黄土<下蜀黄土的趋势,与中国现代季风气候的空间变化规律相吻合,即不同地区黄土风化程度差异主要是东亚季风变化影响的结果。  相似文献   

A digital earth platform for sustainability   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0  

Mario Hernandez 《International Journal of Digital Earth》2017,10(4):342-355

ABSTRACT

Based on the experience of the International Society for Digital Earth (ISDE), this paper describes some challenges foreseen in order to develop a Digital Earth platform that can support the implementation of the Sustainable Development Goals. The use of ready-to-use derived geospatial information is essential. Future Earth’s methodology of ‘co-design’ aims to bring together natural, social scientists and decision makers to plan and carry out research for sustainability. Sustainability implies transdisciplinary research, but in order for scientists of different disciplines to work together, they will need to be able to share, access and use common data. This is by far not simple! While the good will to share data might exist, the associated technological, ethical and privacy issues are difficult to solve. An adequate e-infrastructure will be required. ISDE could consider to use the SDGs is the basis to develop the desired Digital Earth platform. This paper, by no means, covers everything for a Digital Earth platform, it aims to trigger research discussions and to have a good view about a starting point.  相似文献   

谷歌地球在水井项目信息管理中的应用     

赵福林 《甘肃地质》2016,25(2):90-93

利用Excel表建立水井项目信息数据库,设立条件关系编写KML运行程序,利用谷歌地球应用软件阅读水井信息,使水井分布和水井属性在平面内显示。极大的方便了水井项目立项、施工、维护等工作。  相似文献